What is periodization in fitness training?

Periodization in fitness training refers to a systematic approach to planning and organizing training over specific periods, or cycles, to optimize performance, prevent plateaus, and reduce the risk of injury. This concept involves manipulating various training variables, such as intensity, volume, and type of exercise, across different phases to align with specific goals.

For instance, an athlete might follow a periodized program that includes cycles focused on strength building, power development, and endurance, each with tailored training regimens that progressively lead towards peak performance during competition periods. This deliberate and structured progression helps ensure that the body adapts effectively and continues to improve.

The other options don't accurately reflect the principle of periodization. Increasing calories in the diet pertains to nutritional strategies rather than training structure. Limiting types of exercises may overlook the benefits of variety and could lead to imbalances. Training without any phases lacks the strategic progression that is essential for long-term improvements in fitness and performance. Therefore, the concept of a systematic planning of training to improve performance embodies what periodization is all about.